MK-677 (Ibutamoren) in Bodybuilding

Ibutamoren (MK-677)
There is a certain mystique around growth hormones. They are credited with providing incredible benefits to everyone, from bodybuilders to older people looking to extend their life span. However, it is not easy for most bodybuilders to access Growth Hormone (GH) because of how expensive they are. Still, most bodybuilders recognize the importance of GH and try to get it at all costs. One of the ways to access the benefits of Growth Hormone at a fraction of the cost is to take Ibutamoren (MK-677) instead.
Ibutamoren or MK-677 is a growth hormone elevating agent. Ibutamoren is a SARM (selective androgen receptor modulator), not a GH peptide, but has the same effect on the body as GH peptides such as GHRP-6 or Ipamorelin. or MK-677 is a growth hormone elevating agent. Ibutamoren is a SARM (selective androgen receptor modulator), not a GH peptide, but has the same effect on the body as GH peptides such as GHRP-6 or Ipamorelin.
The difference is that the peptides have to be injected into the body with needles, which is really a painful process and something not everyone is comfortable with. It is much easier to consume Ibutamoren or MK-677 as it can be taken orally in a liquid form. Ibutamoren is hence much more convenient than GH peptide, which explains its growing popularity within the bodybuilding community. MK-677 as it can be taken orally in a liquid form. Ibutamoren is hence much more convenient than GH peptide, which explains its growing popularity within the bodybuilding community.
Benefits of Ibutamoren (Mk-677)
Ibutamoren (MK-677) is called a GHS or Growth Hormone Secretagogue. It helps to fight muscle wasting, obesity and osteoporosis. It helps to elevate Growth Hormone and IGF-1 levels, which is why it is taken by bodybuilders keen to shed fat and build impressive muscle mass. Simply put, it helps you get shredded in a hurry. is called a GHS or Growth Hormone Secretagogue. It helps to fight muscle wasting, obesity and osteoporosis. It helps to elevate Growth Hormone and IGF-1 levels, which is why it is taken by bodybuilders keen to shed fat and build impressive muscle mass. Simply put, it helps you get shredded in a hurry.
Ibutamoren increases IGF-1 levels by 38 to 39 percent. Higher IGF-1 levels mean increased fat oxidation, which means faster fat burning; impressive muscle gains and development of lean muscle, tightening up of loose skin, healing bones, tendons and ligaments, and healing old injuries.
Indeed, many bodybuilders have reported gains of 6 lbs of lean muscle mass after 8 weeks of taking IGF-1. However, nobody likes injecting IGF-1 into the body – it’s painful, expensive and often frustrating. That’s why taking Ibutamoren instead makes so much sense as it can be taken orally without any sort of inconvenience whatsoever. Plus, you only have to take it once a day.
Ibutamoren (Mk-677) – Recommended Dosage
The recommended dosage for Ibutamoren is between 5 - 25mgs a day. Some bodybuilders have reported taking much higher doses of 50mgs and above. But that is too much. You must take care not to overdose on Ibutamoren, otherwise there could be side effects, which we discuss next.
Ibutamoren (Mk-677) - Side Effects
Ibutamoren (MK-677) is as safe as it gets. However some people end up overdosing on it, which could lead to side effects such as lethargy, numbness in the hands and increase in appetite. If you are allergic to prolactin, it is best to avoid taking Ibutamoren, as it could lead to gynecomastia, or development of male breasts. is as safe as it gets. However some people end up overdosing on it, which could lead to side effects such as lethargy, numbness in the hands and increase in appetite. If you are allergic to prolactin, it is best to avoid taking Ibutamoren, as it could lead to gynecomastia, or development of male breasts.
The Bottom Line
It is easy to see why Ibutamoren has exploded in popularity in such a short time. It gives you all the benefits of elevated GH levels at an affordable cost. Ibutamoren or MK-677 is a clinically proven, highly convenient, cost-effective, and safer alternative to most of the anabolic steroids available in the market.Ibutamoren has exploded in popularity in such a short time. It gives you all the benefits of elevated GH levels at an affordable cost. Ibutamoren or MK-677 is a clinically proven, highly convenient, cost-effective, and safer alternative to most of the anabolic steroids available in the market.

Ostarine (MK-2866) in Bodybuilding

Ostarine (MK-2866)

 Ostarine or MK-2866 is what is called a SARM (selective androgen reception module). It is known to provide impressive muscle gains and as a cure for muscle wasting and atrophy. By atrophy, we mean the wasting away of a body part, which Ostarine helps to prevent. Ostarine not only helps you retain lean body mass, it helps to increase it as well. Here we look at how Ostarine or MK-2866 works, and discuss its benefits and the recommended dosage.

How Ostarine (MK-2866) Works

Ostarine is a SARM which means it binds to the androgen receptor (AR) and promotes selective anabolic activity. Ostarine helps to intensify protein synthesis and builds lean muscle mass. It is known to cause muscle growth just like any traditional steroid, but without the same negative side effects that one associates with anabolic steroids and prohormones – as long as it is taken according to the recommended dosage. MK-2866 has an excellent anabolic effect on muscle tissues. It is known to promote tremendous muscle building for athletes, bodybuilders and fitness fanatics, which we discuss next.

Benefits of Ostarine for Bodybuilding
Ostarine is widely used by body builders around the world as it is the most anabolic of all SARMS. If you are bulking up, you should take 25 mg of Ostarine for 6 weeks for maximum effect. This should give you at least 6 lbs of lean muscle gains during this period.

Ostarine helps with recomping as well because of its nutrient portioning benefits. It builds muscle which helps to enhance muscle mass and strength while delivering creditable weight loss results. For recomping, the suggested Ostarine dosage is　12.5-25 mg for 4 to 8 weeks. Your diet should consist of at least 30% protein to achieve the desired recomping results with Ostarine or MK-2866.

Ostarine is used in cutting as well as it allows you to preserve muscle mass and shed calories at the same time. If you are taking Ostarine for cutting, the suggested dosage is 12.5 mg for 4-6 weeks.

Taking Ostarine regularly ensures protection against injuries as Ostarine is known to strengthen bone and skeletal muscle tissues. It increases bone density, helps you recover faster from injuries, especially from injuries related to bones and tendons.

Ostarine Dosage

Ostarine or MK-2866 has a half-life of 24 hours. Ostarine should be taken only once a day and the suggested dosage is not more than 12.5 mg a day, unless you are bulking or recomping, in which case you can take more.

Ostarine Side Effects
There are no known Ostarine side effects as long as you stick to the recommended dosage. However, as with all SARMs, overdosing on Ostarine can cause testicular atrophy, Gynecomastia, virilization in women, baldness and acne.

The Bottom Line

Ostarine or MK-2866 builds impressive lean mass gains. It builds tremendous strength and improves stamina. It is known to have excellent joint healing abilities and to replicate the effects of anabolic steroids, without the accompanying side effects. Ostarine is one of the most popular SARMS out there and we recommend it strongly. Just be sure to restrict yourself to the recommended dosage of 12.5 mg a day.

SARMs in Bodybuilding

SARMs

SARMs or Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators are recommended to bodybuilders as they are considered to be among the most efficient steroid alternatives out there in the market. SARMs have the same anabolic effect as testosterone. They are known to boost the bone mineral density by a considerable extent and offer amazing motorized strength. There are several different types of SARMs - some build lean muscle mass, others serve as excellent fat burners and some work as Growth Hormone elevating agents.

The Science behind SARMS

SARMS contain Androgens which are a special type of hormones that act as ligands. Ligands are molecules that are linked to other molecules.  Androgens are linked to cellular androgen receptors (AR). ARs emphasize the expression of certain genes more than others. All steroids and prohormones make use of Androgen Receptors (AR) for faster muscle growth.
What SARMS do is to either obstruct or fuel similar expressions caused by ARs. SARMS have the ability to replicate the effects of ARs in the body’s tissues. SARMS are estimated to be 200 times more effective at muscle stimulation than testosterone supplements and 80 times more selective for muscular growth.
 SARMS form a connection with the same Android Receptors as testosterone and Dianabol, but without the potentially dangerous side effects that you would get with traditional steroids and prohormones. SARMS enhance muscle mass, help to cut down body fat and improve athletic performance to a considerable extent.

The Most Popular SARMS

SARMS are recommended, in particular for their ability to decrease body fat and increase lean body mass. SARMS such as LGD-4033, Ostarine (MK-2866), S4 (Andarine), and  GW 501516 (Cardarine), are quite popular and are used by bodybuilders, professional athletes, models and celebrities for faster muscle development, building strength and endurance and faster recovery from injuries. SARMS such as Ibutamoren (MK-677) work as highly effective Growth Hormone elevating agents.

Benefits of SARMS 

SARMS have a plenty of benefits, especially for bodybuilding. They are known to deliver the same results as anabolic supplements but without the same side effects. They are an excellent alternative to the traditional steroids and prohormones taken by many bodybuilders.
SARMS should be taken during the cutting period as they help to prevent the loss of muscle, while burning fat at the same time. They help with lean muscle development and build tremendous strength and endurance. SARMS assist in faster recovery from injuries. They have excellent joint healing abilities, in particular.
The great thing about taking SARMS is that they cause little or no side effect – SARMS are non-toxic and there’s no danger of liver damage when one takes them. They improve bone density and avoid bone loss of any sort. There is no danger of developing prostrate problems from taking SARMS either. SARMs have the same effect as testosterone, but without the harmful side effects. The best part is that SARMS are legal and legit. Bodybuilders may take them safely without worrying about the legal consequences.

GHRP-6 in Bodybuilding

Peptides in Bodybuilding – GHRP-6

GHRP or Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides are popularly used in the bodybuilding profession because of their ability to act on the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus and trigger the release of Growth Hormone (GH). In fact, GHRPs cause the pituitary gland to release 7 to 15 times as much Growth Hormone as it would have done under normal circumstances.

Growth Hormone or Human Growth Hormone, as it is called, helps to combat the effects of aging, build muscle mass, burn fat and aid in muscle recovery following an intense workout. That’s why GHRPs such as GHRP-6, which we are going to discuss here, as well as GHRP-2, Hexarelin and Ipamorelin are so popular.

GHRP-6 is a much better and safer alternative to synthetic Growth Hormones. It increases the appetite, reduces inflammation, and helps one recover faster from injuries.

In most clinical trials, GHRP-6 has been found to be one of the most effective GHRPs, triggering the release of Growth Hormone quite easily. However, GHRP-6 is arguably less effective than GHRP-2. GHRP-2 is also known to help with faster fat burning in addition to developing bigger muscles because taking GHRP-2 does not create a corresponding increase in appetite.

Taking GHRP-6, on the other hand, causes an increase in appetite. While GHRP-6 is equally effective for muscle building, it should be taken by a bodybuilder who is looking to bulk up rather than one who is trying to cut down. This is the essential difference between GHRP-2 and GHRP-6.

GHRP-6 Benefits…

Ø Bigger and more impressive muscles

Ø Greater physical strength

Ø More stamina, greater endurance

Ø Fast fat burning

Ø Increase in bone density, much better bone tissue growth

Ø Boosts production of IGF-1 by the liver, necessary for faster fat loss

Ø Slows down the aging process

Ø Boosts immunity to disease

Ø Stronger joints and connective tissue.

Ø Reduces the production of Ghrelin, which causes weight gain and builds up insulin resistance

How should you take GHRP-6?

GHRP-6 can be taken in the form of injections or as an oral spray. It should be taken one to three times a day, based on your doctor’s advice. If you’re taking GHRP-6 for bodybuilding, you should take it 3 times a day. This helps with faster fat loss and better development of muscles. GHRP-6 should never be taken on an empty stomach. When taken in the form of injections, it should be applied directly under the skin in the fleshy regions of the body, such as in the stomach, buttocks, thighs, or into the shoulders and biceps.

Taking GHRP-6 with CJC-1295

For added effect, GHRH or Growth Hormone Releasing Hormones such as CJC-1295 may be used in conjunction with GHRP-6. You can, for instance, take 100 mcg of CJC-1295 with 100 mcg of GHRP-6. This would release a tremendous amount of growth hormones, which really helps with maximum muscle building.

What are the Side Effects of GHRP-6?

There are serious side effects related to GHRP-6 at all. It is actually one of the mildest GHRPs out there and so is perfectly safe for all purposes. You should not take GHRP-6 in excess of the recommended dosage as that would cause water retention, tiredness, numbness and tingling in the extremities. It is certainly a much safer alternative to taking Growth Hormone synthetically, which is known to cause many serious side effects.

For more information on GHRP-6 visit here: http://www.knightpeptide.com/2015/06/ghrp-6-new-advances-in-hgh-stimulation.html 

GHRP-2 in Bodybuilding

Peptides in Bodybuilding – GHRP-2

GRHP-2 is one of the most popular peptides used in bodybuilding. It triggers the release of Growth Hormone (GH) from the pituitary gland. It works closely in coordination with other GHRPs (or growth hormone releasing peptides) such as GHRP-6 as well as with GHRHs (growth hormone releasing hormones) such as CJC-1295.

Benefits of GHRP-2 for Bodybuilding

GHRP-2 is similar to another GHRP, Ipamorelin, when it comes to its effects for bodybuilding.  GHRP-2 releases growth hormone, which has several benefits, such as causing an increase in muscle mass, greater physical strength, rapid fat burning and faster muscle recovery following a workout. Bodybuilders are known to transform their bodies entirely after a couple of months of taking GHRP-2, or for that matter, other GHRPs such as GHRP-6 and Ipamorelin. GHRPs are much more effective and healthier substitutes to taking synthetic Growth Hormone through subcutaneous injections. It is also safer and costs a lot less.

How does GHRP-2 work?

GHRP-2 consists of 6 amino acids, which together stimulate the secretion of Growth Hormone by the pituitary gland.  By using GHRP, you can increase the ability of the pituitary gland to release GH by 10 to 15 times. GHRP-2 also helps to increase your appetite by stimulating the ghrelin receptors. A study published by the Endocrinology and Metabolism Magazine in 1997 found that injected GHRP-2 into the body led to an increase in Growth Hormone secretion. Participants of all ages had participated in this study.

GHRP-2 triggers HGH production using a two-step process:

Ø First, it boosts GH through an amplification of the transduction pathway which triggers a hormone signal.

Ø Second, it suppresses somatostatin, which causes an increase in the endogenous GH levels.

How to Take GHRP-2?

GHRP-2 can be taken daily. It may be taken through a subcutaneous injection, orally in the form of supplements or as a spray through an intra-nasal route. For best effect it should be taken with GHRP-6 and GHRHs such as CJC-1295, which are similar to GHRP-2 with respect to their effect on bodybuilding.

GHRP-2 Alternatives: CJC-1295 and GHRP-6

GHRP-6 and CJC-1295 are powerful alternatives to GHRP-6. They may be used in conjunction with GHRP-6 or may even replace it completely. Both GHRP-6 and CJC 1295 help build greater muscle mass, shed fat and aid in faster muscle recovery. While GHRP-2 is less not as powerful as CJC-1295, it is certainly stronger than GHRP-6. You should have 100 mcg of CJC-1295 along with 100 mcg of a GHRP-2 around 3 times a day, half-an-hour before a meal for maximum effect. But be sure to consult with your doctor before starting on such a plan.

How Safe is GHRP-2?

Let’s put it this way – taking GHRP-2 is certainly much safer than injecting synthetic Growth Hormone into your body. GHRP-2 has been heavily tested by researchers around the world and it has been found to be completely safe, as long as you take it within a dosage recommended by your doctor. Be sure to consult with your doctor before getting started with GHRP-2. There are a few side effects related to taking GHRP-2 excessively such as water retention, fatigue, numbness and tingling in the extremities. Certainly, the side effects related to GHRP-2 are not as serious or as common as those associated with taking synthetic Growth Hormone.

Peptides for Bodybuilding: GHRP-6, GHRP-2, and CJC-1295

Peptides for Bodybuilding: Using GHRP-6, GHRP-2 and CJC-1295

Many athletes and bodybuilders who use growth hormone (GH) hate the fact that it costs them a small fortune to get quality growth hormone. GHRP or Growth Hormone ReleasingPeptides work as a better alternative, as they provide all the benefits of GH, at a fraction of the cost.

There are a plenty of studies that show how GHRPs such as GHRP-2 and GHRP-6 build lean muscle tissue and help shed body fat. Here, we take a closer look at GHRP, and in particular at GHRP-2 and GHRP-6 and their benefits for bodybuilding.

So, What Does GHRP Do, Exactly?

Quite simply, GHRP signals the pituitary gland to secrete growth hormone. While both GHRP-2 and GHRP-6 trigger the release of GH, there is a difference in how they function. GHRP-6 speeds up digestion, which results in more hunger, causing a greater consumption of food.

GHRP-2 is more intense and secretes growth hormones in greater quantity, the effects of which last much longer. GHRP-2 is more effective for bodybuilding as it helps build amazing muscle mass while not increasing appetite, and so helps to shed fat as well. GHRP-6 is useful to those who are looking to bulk up and increase weight. It ensures that much of the weight that gets added is pure muscle.

How to Take GHRP-2 and GHRP-6?

You only have to take a single dose of GHRP-2 or GHRP-6, an hour before your workout, on an empty stomach.  GHRPs have several benefits and they are not limited to bodybuilding. They help combat effects of aging, provide for better sleep and help with faster recovery from injury or tiredness after an intense workout.

For added effect, you may take multiple doses of GHRP-2 or GHRP-6, but be sure to consult with your doctor before you start doing so. After taking GHRPs, you shouldn’t eat for at least a couple of hours, to allow for the body to burn the fat stores as fuel. GHRP-2 and GHRP-6 help with both muscle development and fat burning.

Why Not Take Growth Hormone Directly?

The simple reason why you shouldn’t buy GH directly is because it is expensive. And much of the GH sold in the market is counterfeit, made by shady manufacturers based in China and elsewhere. You would be better off buying GHRPs from reputable companies.

Use CJC-1925 for Added Benefit

In addition to using GHRPs, you may want to consider having a GHRH (or growth hormone releasing hormone) such as CJC-1295 as your pre-workout diet as well. GHRH is a natural hormone that works closely with ghrelin to stimulate the release of growth hormone.

While GHRH cannot be used directly, it is available in the form of derivatives such as CJC-1295. CJC-1295 is long-lasting and quite effective for muscle building and weight loss. You may want to take100 mcg of CJC-1295 together with 100 mcg of a GHRP-2 or GHRP-6 two to three times a day, around half-an-hour before a meal for maximum effect.

Taking CJC-1295 and GHRPs (either GHRP-2 or GHRP-6) together is highly desirable because the combination produces more growth hormones than what you would get had you taken GHRP alone. So this is something you should consider if your body is able to tolerate high GH levels.

Thymosin Beta 4's Regenerative Powers

The Regenerative Power of Thymosin Beta 4

As the building blocks of proteins, peptides are crucial for all life. Organisms need peptides to synthesize proteins in their cells. Generally they achieve this by breaking down larger proteins in their food, and so thankfully peptide deficiencies rarely arise in subjects with a decent diet.

But scientists have discovered that pure peptides are not just raw material used by cells; peptides also modulate the activity of cells in a manner similar to hormones. Beta Thymosins are some of the most promising peptides to study because they were originally believed to hormones produced by the thyroid gland to modulate cell activity in a broad number of ways. While it turns out they aren’t true hormones, their influence on cells can be just as dramatic.

Thymosin-beta 4 in particular has garnered a lot of attention for its incredible ability to aid in tissue regeneration. Thymosin-beta 4 is a chain of just 43 little amino acids, but it has been found to have profound effects on cells’ proliferation, migration, and differentiation.

An analysis of genomic DNA from several organisms (Gomez-Marquez et. Al. 1989) found that Thymosin-beta 4 was highly conserved in mammals, but not in bacteria or other lower organisms. In rats, Thymosin-beta 4 was often found throughout all the tissues of the body, but with the highest concentrations in the lungs, spleen (esp. in lg- lymphocytes), and thymus (esp. in thymocytes). At this stage in the research, it was clear that Thymosin-beta 4 was NOT clearly related to cellular immunity and the differentiation of lymphoid cells, but what it DID do was still a mystery.

By 2010, Thymosin-beta 4’s had been identified as having several prime functions in mammal physiology, serving an important role in: blood vessel formation, stem cell differentiation, cell migration, and regulation of gene expression and major nuclear transcription factor (Crockford et. Al. 2010). This research indicates that the most promising applications of Thymosin-beta 4 are in the protection, regeneration, and repair of cardiac, dermal, or corneal tissues.

Rui et. Al. (2014) found that Thymosin-beta 4 treatement was particular effective at extending the time window for heart tissue regeneration in newborn mice. While 1-day-old mice are generally able to migrate cells and regenerate heart tissue after a partial surgical resection, 7-day-old mice lose this ability. Thymosin-beta 4 treatment allowed another group of 7-day-old mice to regenerate heart tissue just as effectively as 1-day-old mice, as if the tissues had not yet “forgotten” how to make new heart tissue.

Bollini et. Al. (2014) explain the process in more depth: Thymosin-beta 4 gains its regenerative potential from the way it reactivates epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) in the heart after heart damage, causing these EPDCs to proliferate and differentiate into new heart tissue. This allows adult mice heart cells to regenerate like embryonic cells, without actually regressing the cellular life cycle.

It is not yet clear how long Thymosin-Beta 4 can keep windows of cellular regeneration “open” and which other tissues (if any) it might have the same effect on. The full regenerative potential of this peptide may still be untapped.

While human testing has not yet been approved, the vital importance of this peptide in facilitating the repair of mammalian heart and skin tissue makes it a very promising avenue for future study.

Works Cited:

Bollini S1, Vieira JM, Howard S, Dubè KN, Balmer GM, Smart N, Riley PR (Aug 2014). “Re-activated adult epicardial progenitor cells are a heterogeneous population molecularly distinct from their embryonic counterparts.” Stem Cells Dev. PMID 24702282.

Crockford D, Turjman N, Allan C, Angel J (April 2010). "Thymosin beta4: structure, function, and biological properties supporting current and future clinical applications". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1194: 179–89. Bibcode:2010NYASA1194..179C. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05492.x. PMID 20536467.

Gomez-Marquez J, Dosil M, Segade F, Bustelo XR, Pichel JG, Dominguez F, Freire M (Nov 1989). "Thymosin-beta 4 gene. Preliminary characterization and expression in tissues, thymic cells, and lymphocytes". J Immunol 143 (8): 2740–4. PMID 2677145.

Rui L1, Yu N, Hong L, Feng H, Chunyong H, Jian M, Zhe Z, Shengshou H (Oct 2014). “Extending the time window of mammalian heart regeneration by thymosin beta 4.”  J Cell Mol Med.  PMID 25284727.  

Melanotan II Can Do More Than Tan

Melanotan II Can Do More Than Tan

After the discovery of a naturally-occurring peptide that stimulates melatonin production (which was unimaginatively named "Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone"), scientists swiftly became excited by the possibilities. Here was a chemical that could tan skin without the risks associated with tanning beds (i.e. Increased risks of skin cancer like Melanoma)!

Then when researchers at the University of Arizona were able to synthesize an artificial version of the peptide, in fact, it was introduced as a way to prevent the formation of skin cancer in susceptible individuals. Dubbed "Melanotan" (followed by the improved "Melanotan II"), this compound was found to be more stable than the natural peptide and 1,000 times more effective!

But early clinical trials swiftly demonstrated that, for better or worse, Melanotan does much more than tan!

Uckert, Bannowsky, Albrecht, and Kuczyk (2014) found that melanocortin receptor agonists like Melanotan II are highly effective at activating the central melanocortin system involved in both male and female sexual function. For this reason Melanotan II has been reported as having “aphrodisiac” effects. This effect was discovered accidentally when initial male subjects in sunless tanning trials reported spontaneous penile erections. Several follow-up studies have determined that Melanotan II seems to be an effective treatment for male erectile dysfunction (physical or psychological) as well as female arousal and orgasm disorders.

If such a versatile and effective aphrodisiac turns out to truly be safe for human use, it could well become the most commercially viable drug of all time! Throughout history, people have always gone nuts for aphrodisiacs, whether or not they were effective. Often substances marketed as "aphrodisiacs" were ineffective and marketed on superstition more than anything, but for Melanotan, "aphrodisiac" seems to be an understatement! Just think of all the rhinos and deer that would still have their horns, all the goats and tigers that would still have their penises if effective medicinal cures were discovered earlier! Melanotan’s aphrodisiacal properties have given even more cause for excitement than its original function as a sun-less tanning agent.

Preliminary studies on mice (Rinne et. Al. 2014) found that Melanotan II can even be an effective therapy for atherosclerosis. The Melanotan II peptide treatments not only limited plaque inflammation in mice, but also improved vascular endothelial function.

Another study (Xu et. Al. 2014) found that Melanotan II had profound effects on metabolism: when administered intraperitonally it swiftly decreased body temperature and energy expenditure. Again it shows potent medical applications (e.g. As a fever reducer), but it is obviously not a compound to be taken lightly!

It seems that the effects of Melanotan II vary based on where it is applied and the course of treatment. While it was originally synthesized to increase melanin production, it's full impact on health and vigor may be MUCH greater. While Melanotan II is still in an experimental stage, and scientists are still trying to determine its health effects, its multiple applications make it an unusually promising substance to research, and hence a substance that's value is likely to skyrocket if and when it becomes approved for human use.

Rinne P¹, Silvola JM², Hellberg S², Ståhle M², Liljenbäck H², Salomäki H², Koskinen E², Nuutinen S², Saukko P², Knuuti J², Saraste A², Roivainen A², Savontaus E² (Jul 2014). “Pharmacological activation of the melanocortin system limits plaque inflammation and ameliorates vascular dysfunction in atherosclerotic mice.” Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. PMID: 24790139.

Uckert S1, Bannowsky A, Albrecht K, Kuczyk MA (Nov. 2014). “Melanocortin receptor agonists in the treatment of male and female sexual dysfunctions: results from basic research and clinical studies.” Expert Opin Investig Drugs.  PMID: 25096243.

Xu Y., Kim ER., Fan S, Xia Y., Xu Y., Huang C., Tong Q (Aug 2014). "Profound and rapid reduction in body temperature induced by the melanocortin receptor agonists." Biochem Biophys Res Commun. PMID: 25065745.